The concept of the hobby horse has a rich and diverse history that spans several centuries and various cultures.
Medieval and Early Modern Periods
The term “hobby horse” originates from the Anglo Saxon word “hobby,” meaning “small horse.” This term was first associated with small horses that Henry VIII loved to race, and it eventually expanded to refer to any activity done for pleasure rather than as part of a regular job[1][4].
In medieval Europe, hobby horses were used in mock tournaments and pageants. These early hobby horses were often elaborate and used in traditional folk dances and performances. By the 14th century, model horses with human operators were a popular form of entertainment in Britain[4].
Pagan and Fertility Rituals
In England, particularly in Cornwall, the hobby horse tradition is deeply rooted in early Pagan fertility rituals. The ‘Obby ‘Oss in Padstow, Cornwall, is a well-known example where the hobby horse is part of a fertility rite, symbolizing the welcoming of the fertility season during Beltane. Similar traditions existed in ancient Persia and Central Asia, where the hobby horse was used in Shamanic and seasonal fertility rites[2].
Types of Hobby Horses
There are two primary constructions of hobby horses that have been documented:
Tourney Horse
The tourney horse is a type of hobby horse that sits on a frame around the rider’s waist. It uses the rider’s legs to mimic the horse’s hindquarters, with the rider’s upper body appearing to sit on the horse. This type is highly mobile and does not require an entourage to lead it[4].
Mast Horse
The mast horse, on the other hand, is typically a simpler design where a horse’s head is mounted on a stick or pole. This type is often seen in traditional folk dances and is still used today in various cultural celebrations[4].
Evolution and Modern Usage
From Toy to Sport
Historically, the hobby horse was a simple child’s toy or a prop in folk dances. However, in recent years, hobby horse riding has evolved into a competitive sport, particularly gaining popularity in Finland in the 21st century. This modern form of hobby horse riding combines creativity, athleticism, and community, offering a unique way for people of all ages to engage in physical activity and have fun[5].
Cultural Significance
Beyond its modern sporting form, the hobby horse continues to hold cultural significance. In England, hobby horse celebrations are still observed, and in other parts of the world, similar traditions continue to be practiced during seasonal and fertility rites[2].
Key Facts About Hobby Horses
Origin of the Term: The term “hobby horse” comes from the Anglo Saxon word “hobby,” meaning “small horse”[4].
Historical Use: Hobby horses were used in medieval mock tournaments, pageants, and traditional folk dances[1][4].
Pagan Roots: In England, the hobby horse tradition is linked to early Pagan fertility rituals, particularly during Beltane celebrations[2].
Types: There are two main types of hobby horses – the tourney horse and the mast horse[4].
Modern Sport: Hobby horse riding has evolved into a competitive sport, especially popular in Finland, combining creativity, athleticism, and community[5].
Cultural Significance: Hobby horses continue to be part of cultural celebrations and rituals around the world, including in England and ancient Persian traditions[2][4].
Understanding the rich history and diverse uses of the hobby horse provides a deeper appreciation for this enduring and versatile cultural icon.
